Windows Terms
- ACE - Access Control Entry - Part of an ACL which specifies a users access to specific objects.
- ACL - Access Control List is a database of permissions for an object or file which determines who can access an object and how much access is allowed.
- AD - Active Directory
- API - Application programming interface
- APM - Advanced Power Management for mobile computers.
- ATM - Asynchronous Transfer Mode.
- BDC - Backup Domain Controller provides failure backup for a PDC and keeps the replicated SAM database.
- BINL - Boot Information Negotiation Layer is used to be sure the installation using RIS is being done on the correct computer.
- CD - Compact disk.
- CDFS - Compact Disk File System supports compact disks (CDs).
- Child domain - Domain below another in a domain tree. Example: "child.parent.root.com".
- DACL - Discretionary Access Control List - Contains security principle SIDS that have permission for an object.
- DDNS- Dynamic Domain Name Service allows for Dynamic updates to DNS information.
- DFS - Distributed file system allows administrators to make shares on several different servers appear to be on one share on one server..
- DN - Distinguished Name is a RDN with the location of the object in Active Directory.
- DNS - Domain Name System is a service and database used to convert between human readable names and IP addresses of computers.
- Domain - A domain is used to manage a large group of computers. It is used to control resource access for users. The term domain as used with Windows systems is not the same as an internet domain as used with DNS.
- Domain tree - A hierarchical group of one or more domains with one root domain
- DOS - Disk Operating System is the original system used when IBM variety personal computers were introduced around 1980.
- DVD - Digital Video Disks.
- Explicit trust - A trust that an administrator creates.
- EFS - Encrypting File System supports file encryption.
- FAT32 filesystem - A file allocation table operating system that supports larger disk partition size than older FAT filesystems. It uses 32 bits to point to clusters rather than 16 or 24 bits.
- FQDN - Fully Qualified Domain Name used on the internet such as "myserver.myorganization.org". The maximum length is 63 characters.
- FRS - File replication service (FRS) is used to replicate the SYSVOL share.
- FSMO - Flexible Single Master Operations are operations that are done on a domain which can only be done on a single controller.
- GCS - Global catalog server.
- Global Catalog - A searchable master index with data about all objects in a forest. When the first domain controller in the forest is established, a default catalog is created automatically on that controller.
- GPO - Group policy object.
- GUID - Globally Unique Identifier which is a 128 bit number.
- HAL - Hardware abstraction layer.
- HCL - Hardware Compatibility List is a list of hardware that is compatible with Windows NT and Windows 2000.
- HPFS - High Performance File System used with older Windows NT and OS/2 operating systems.
- IE - Internet Explorer is the web browser from Microsoft.
- IIS - Internet Information Server.
- Intransitive trust - A one way trust that does not extend beyond two domains.
- IPP - Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) is used to support printing from Internet Explorer across the internet.
- IPSEC - Internet security protocol.
- IrDA - Infrared Data Association sets standards for infrared/wireless devices.
- KDC - Kerberos Domain Controller used for Kerberos authentication.
- LDAP - Lightweight Directory Application Protocol.
- Mixed mode - When Active Directory interfaces with NT 4.0 BDCs or ones without Windows 2000 Directory Service client software. In mixed mode, computers without Windows 2000 client software must contact the PDC emulator to change user account information.
- MMC - Microsoft Management Console
- Native mode - Active Directory interfaces only with Windows 2000 domain controllers and directory service client software. In this case, the PDC emulator will get password changes faster.
- NLB - Network Load balancing
- NTLN - NT Lanman authentication
- One way trust - When one domain allows access to users on another domain, but the other domain does not allow access to users on the first domain.
- OU - Organizational unit - An Active Directory container object that contains other organizational units or objects.
- OS/2
- OSPF - Open shortest path first is a dynamic routing protocol that takes less bandwidth than RIP.
- Parent domain - Domain above another in a domain tree.
- PDA - Personal digital assistant.
- PDC - Primary Domain Controller required for a Windows NT domain to operate. The PDC (primary domain controller) is used to store and administer the master SAM database.
- PKI - Public Key Infrastructure applications are applications that use security keys to authenticate users. These applications may be used for purposes of getting e-mail, generating user signatures, and logging onto networks.
- POSIX
- PXE - Preboot eXecution Environment.
- RADIUS - Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service
- RDN - Relative Distinguished Name is assigned by an administrator to an object.
- RIP - Routing Information Protocol is a dynamic routing protocol.
- RIPrep - Remote Installation Preparation Wizard
- RIS - Remote Installation Services
- RPC - Remote Procedure Call is normally used to replicate data between domain controllers.
- SACL - Security Access Control List - Defines auditable events for specific objects.
- SAM - Security Accounts Manager.
- Schema - A formal definition (set of rules) which govern a database structure and types of objects and attributes which can be contained in the database.
- Security principal objects - Users, groups and computers.
- SID - Security Identifier. It is created by the Windows 2000 security subsystem and is assigned to users, groups, and computers.
- SIS - Single Instance Store is used to reduce storage space for installation images on the server by using links to files that are the same in various images.
- Site - Groupings of machines based on a subnet of TCP/IP addresses. An administrator determines what a site is. Sites may contain multiple subnets. There can be several domains in a site.
- SMS - Systems Management Server.
- SQL - Structured Query Language.
- TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol is used to send files to the client when they are requested. There is no logon with TFTP services.
- Transitive trust - A trust which can extend beyond two domains to other trusted domains in the tree.
- Trusted domain - The domain that is trusted, whose users have access to the trusting domain.
- Trusting domain - The domain that allows access to users on another domain.
- Trust relationship - A description of the user access between two domains consisting of a one way and a two way trust.
- TSR - Terminate and stay resident function allows a program to stay in memory until activated by some event.
- Two way trust - When two domains allow access to users on the other domain.
- UDF - Universal Disk Format supports DVDs.
- Unicode - A method of coding characters that supports foreign language character sets.
- Universal group - May contain users and groups from any domain in a forest.
- UPN - User Principal Name is an RDN with a FQDN which is used for email and user logon.
- URL - Universal Resource Locator is a standard convention that is used to locate resources on the internet or networks. Its format is "protocol://www.domain.root/directory/file".
- VDD - Virtual device drivers.
- VDM - Virtual DOS Machine.
- WBEM - Web Based Enterprise Management from the Desktop Management Task Force is a standard for collecting data for desktop management.
- WFW - Windows for Workgroups was an enhancement to the Windows 3.1 version with networking support. It ran 16 bit applications.
- WIN16 - Windows versions that ran 16 bit applications such as Windows 3.1 and WFW.
- WMI - Windows Management Instrumentation helps administrators know about vendor hardware and applications. It is based on WBEM.
- Workgroup - A workgroup is used to manage groups of less than ten computers.
- WOW - Windows on Windows which refers to the Windows 16 bit applications running on the Windows 32 bit environment.
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