Protocol stacks

Protocol stacks

Computer networks may be implemented using a variety of protocol stack architectures, computer buses or combinations of media and protocol layers, incorporating one or more of:

• ARCNET
• AppleTalk
• ATM
• Bluetooth
• DECnet
• Ethernet
• FDDI
• Frame relay
• IEEE 802.11 aka Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi certification)
• IEEE-488
• QsNet
• RS-232
• System Network Architecture
• Token Ring
• TCP
• USB
• UDP

Layers

OSI model	TCP/IP model
Application layer	Application layer
Presentation layer
Session layer
Transport layer	Network Access Layers
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer

Data transmission

Wired transmission

• Public switched telephone network
• Modems and dialup
• Dedicated lines – leased lines
• Time-division multiplexing
• Packet switching
• Optical fiber transmission
• Synchronous optical networking
• Fiber distributed data interface

Wireless transmission

• Short range
• Bluetooth
• Medium range
• IEEE 802.11
• Long range
• Satellite
• SMDS
• Mobile phone data transmission (channel access methods)

Other

• Computer networking device
• Network card
• Naming schemes
• Network monitoring